When they are capable of sensing and detecting the type of stimulus, they then send information about the stimulus to the brain where the sensory information is processed and interpreted. Unlike efferent neurons that carry impulses away from the CNS to the periphery, afferent neurons bring the signals from the outside stimuli and inform the brain about the type of stimulus. Then they carry those sensory impulses from the receptors present in the sensory organs, muscles, or glands towards the spinal cord and then to the brain. These neurons detect and receive information from the outside stimulus, which may be a feeling of touch, pain, smell, taste, heat, cold, or sound and vision. They can respond to a variety of stimuli. Afferent neurons are also known as “sensory neurons” because their function is to sense or detect the stimuli. They act as a medium or pathway for the transmission of sensory impulses or signals from the peripheral tissues to the CNS, which include the brain and the spinal cord. They are the neurons or nerve fibers that conduct nerve impulses towards the CNS from the PNS. Afferent neurons are one of the major parts of the “peripheral nervous system” (PNS) in human beings, as well as in other vertebrates and invertebrates.
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